For cable assemblies, you first need to decide which type of electrical connector to install. The type of connector used ultimately depends on the type of connection required. Electrical connectors connect two circuit paths together. They either connect electronic devices to each other or supply them with power. Depending on the situation, the connection can be permanent, semi-permanent or temporary.
Connectors consist of either a plug (male connector) or a jack (female connector). An adapter can be used to connect two different types of connectors together. If you may have to purchase a power adapter before traveling abroad, it allows you to plug multiple types of power connectors into a wall outlet.
Other important features:
- Lead-in lines
- Physical Construction
- Dimensions
- Contact Resistance
- Pin-to-Pin Insulation
- Ruggedness
- Vibration resistance
- Water Resistance
- Voltage resistance
- Reliability
- Lifespan
- User friendliness
Many variants of many types of connectors exist. Each one has its own different characteristics and specific purpose. In this general overview, we'll cover the most common types, including: D Subminiature, USB, RF, and power connectors. In later installments, we will take a more detailed look at a few of the most popular electrical connectors in the industry.
D-Sub Electrical Connectors
Purpose
The invention of D-Sub provided a way to connect early computer models to monitors, printers, and floppy disk drives. At one time, D-Subs were among the smallest connectors used in computer systems. Today, they're big, bulky, and almost obsolete. While they are no longer popular in consumer electronics, they are still widely used in commercial equipment.
Features
Their D-shaped metal shield provides mechanical support, ensures proper orientation, and may shield against electromagnetic interference. Low-density d-subs have two rows of pins or sockets, while high-density d-subs have three rows. Mounting screws provide a semi-permanent but reliable connection.
Common Applications
You'll find D-Subs used for RS-232 serial communications, network ports, computer video output, and game controller ports. In addition, they are widely used in aircraft electrical systems.
Variations
db9, db25, db15, db37, hd15
USB electrical connectors
Purpose
The USB connector emerged in the 1990s when the rise of computers and peripherals made it easier to connect these devices. It helped standardize these connections and eliminated the need to charge each portable device individually.
Features
USB connectors are intended to be used as temporary connections and therefore have flat, durable contacts that can withstand repeated connections and disconnections. Compatible with a wide range of platforms and operating systems, these connectors are ideal for most consumer electronics. In addition, they are low cost and easy to use.
Common Applications
Most computers and laptops are equipped with multiple USB ports. Smartphones, tablets, printers, keyboards, and other peripheral devices connect to the computer and power supply through USB ports.
Variations
USB Type A, USB Type B, USB Type C, Micro-USB A, Micro-USB B, Micro-USB AB, USB Mini-b, USB 3.0
Power supply electrical connectors
Purpose
Power connectors connect electronic devices or industrial equipment to a power source. They carry alternating current or direct current. Thanks to a variety of safety features, power connectors can safely connect and disconnect energized circuits.
Features
Power connectors include safety ground connections and power conductors. These types of connectors usually come with keyed plugs and jacks to prevent users from plugging them into power outlets in the wrong orientation. They are also constructed to contain any arcing that occurs when energized circuits are disconnected.
Common Applications
Depending on the voltage and environmental protection, you will find these connectors used in consumer electronics as well as commercial and industrial equipment.
Variations
NEMA 1, NEMA 5 (typical household outlets), NEMA 14 (for electric ovens), NEMA L6 (for welders).
RF/Coaxial Electrical Connectors
Purpose
RF connectors, also known as coaxial connectors, operate at radio frequencies in the several megahertz range. A well-designed RF connector blocks external signals from the circuit and prevents any energy loss. It should also not change the impedance of the transmission line to which it belongs, which could result in signal reflection.
Features
These connectors come with built-in fastening mechanisms such as threads, bayonets, brackets, or blind inserts. This mechanism combined with springs provides low ohmic electrical contact, which increases the number of insertions and removals and reduces the insertion force.
Common Applications
You'll find RF connectors commonly used in coaxial cable and TV receivers, two-way radios, Wi-Fi devices with antennas, and industrial and scientific measuring instruments.
Rather than simply connecting two wires together, connectors create a seamless circuit with multiple components. They can send electronic signals from a keyboard to a computer to a monitor in a fraction of a second. But maybe you don't want to commit to a circuit just yet. No problem! The connectors disconnect as well! You can rewire the circuit as many times as you need to.